Txij li thaum nrhiav tau ntawm txhuas nyob rau hauv 1825 los ntawm Danish kws tshawb fawb Oenrsted (HC.Oenrsted), nws tau 187 xyoo keeb kwm. Yog hais tias nws yog xam los ntawm lub advent ntawm lub molten ntsev electrolysis txoj kev (Hall-Heroult txoj kev) rau industrial aluminium extraction nyob rau hauv 1886, nws tau 126 xyoo. Rau ntau tshaj 100 xyoo, txhuas thiab nws cov alloys tau siv dav, feem ntau hauv aerospace, tsheb thauj mus los, kho kom zoo nkauj vaj tse, ntim ntim, tshuab thiab khoom siv hluav taws xob, kev sib txuas lus hluav taws xob, petrochemical, lub zog thiab lub zog, kev ua kis las thiab kev noj qab haus huv thiab lwm yam lag luam, dhau los ua ib qho Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho kev lag luam hauv tebchaws. Aluminium ntau lawm yog thawj ntawm cov hlau uas tsis yog-ferrous, thib ob tsuas yog cov hlau ntau lawm. Yog vim li cas yog vim li cas aluminium yog dav siv, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus muaj nplua nuj reserves thiab yooj yim smelting, tseem ceeb tshaj, txhuas muaj ib tug series ntawm cov yam ntxwv zoo heev, feem ntau, txhuas muaj cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:
(1) Tsawg ceev. Qhov ceev ntawm ntshiab txhuas yog ze rau 2700kg / m, uas yog hais txog 35% ntawm qhov ntom ntawm hlau.
(2) tuaj yeem ua kom muaj zog. Txawm hais tias lub zog ntawm cov ntshiab aluminium tsis siab, nws tuaj yeem ua tau ntau dua ob npaug los ntawm kev ua haujlwm txias, thiab nws tuaj yeem raug alloyed los ntawm kev ntxiv magnesium, zinc, tooj liab, manganese, silicon, lithium, scandium, chromium, zirconium thiab lwm yam, thiab tom qab ntawd ntxiv dag zog los ntawm kev kho cua sov, thiab nws lub zog tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem muab piv rau cov hlau alloy zoo.
(3) Yooj yim rau txheej txheem. Aluminium tuaj yeem nrum los ntawm txhua txoj kev casting. Aluminium plasticity yog qhov zoo, tuaj yeem dov rau hauv ntawv thiab ntawv ci; Kos rau hauv cov kav dej thiab cov xaim; Extruded rau hauv ntau yam complex profiles; Machining xws li tig, milling, tho txawv thiab npaj tuaj yeem ua tau ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov cuab yeej siv tshuab feem ntau.
(4) Corrosion kuj. Qhov saum npoo ntawm txhuas thiab nws cov alloys yog yooj yim tsim rau hauv ib tug ntom thiab ruaj khov AI2O3 tiv thaiv zaj duab xis. Cov yeeb yaj kiab tiv thaiv no tsuas tuaj yeem raug rhuav tshem raws li kev ua haujlwm hnyav ntawm halogen ions lossis ions hauv paus. Yog li ntawd, txhuas muaj qhov ua haujlwm zoo rau atmospheric (nrog rau cov cua hauv huab cua thiab Marine cua) corrosion. Muaj peev xwm tiv taus corrosion ntawm feem ntau cov kua qaub thiab cov organic teeb meem, siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv corrosion. Resistant rau qaug zog alkali corrosion; Cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv-tuj ntawm aluminium alloy tuaj yeem txhim kho los ntawm kev siv cov kev tiv thaiv zoo sib xws.
(5) Tsis tshua muaj kub brittleness. Aluminium hauv qab 0 degree C, nrog txo qhov kub, lub zog thiab plasticity yuav tsis tsuas yog txo, tab sis yuav nce.
(6) Zoo hluav taws xob thiab thermal conductivity. Aluminium qhov hluav taws xob thiab thermal conductivity yog thib ob tsuas yog nyiaj, tooj liab thiab kub. Nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tuaj yeem ncav cuag 62% IACS, yog xam los ntawm chav tsev loj conductivity, nws conductivity yog ob npaug ntawm tooj liab.
(7) Muaj zog xav. Lub reflectivity ntawm polished nto ntawm txhuas mus rau lub teeb dawb yog ntau tshaj 80%, thiab qhov siab dua qhov purity, qhov siab dua qhov reflectivity. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txhuas muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm infrared, ultraviolet, electromagnetic yoj, thermal tawg thiab lwm yam.
(8) Tsis yog-magnetic, cuam tshuam tsis cuam tshuam. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau qee lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb. Piv txwv li, nws yog siv los ua cov ntaub ntawv ntsuas, cov ntaub thaiv npog rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab cov khoom siv rau cov khoom tawg thiab tawg.
(9) Suab nqus. Nws yog qhov zoo rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv, thiab tuaj yeem npaj rau hauv damping thiab damping alloy
(10) Nuclear hluav taws xob tsis kam. Rau high-zog neutrons, txhuas muaj tib lub neutron absorption cross section li lwm yam hlau, thiab rau cov neutrons nyob rau hauv qis zog ntau, nws absorption cross section yog me me, thib ob tsuas yog beryllium magnesium, zirconium thiab lwm yam hlau. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm aluminium nuclear hluav taws xob tiv thaiv yog tias lub zog hluav taws xob tsim los ntawm irradiation decays sai.
(11) Zoo nkauj. Aluminium thiab nws cov hlau vim muaj peev xwm rov qab muaj zog, qhov saum npoo yog nyiaj-dawb luster tom qab machining tuaj yeem ncav cuag qhov ua tiav thiab ci ntsa iab. Yog tias nws yog anodized thiab xim, nws tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog txhim kho corrosion kuj, tab sis kuj tau txais cov khoom muaj yeeb yuj thiab dazzling. Aluminium tseem tuaj yeem ua electroplated thiab coated nrog ceramics, thiab yog ib qho zoo heev substrate rau zus tau tej cov ntaub ntawv xim.